Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure involving the use of a scope and small instruments to look into the abdomen for diagnostic or operative purposes. There are many indications for having a laparoscopy performed.
- Pelvic pain
- Endometriosis
- Pelvic adhesions
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Evaluate the uterus
- Evaluate fallopian tubes
- Search for an explanation of Infertility
The procedure is conducted under general anesthesia. An incision is made into the belly button (umbilicus). A needle is then inserted through this incision into the abdomen. CO2 gas (like the bubbles in soda) is used to create an air pocket in the abdomen. The insufflating needle is then removed and a 5, 10, or 12 mm trocar is inserted through the incision. The camera can now be introduced into the abdomen. Once the abdominal wall has been inspected a smaller trocar is usually inserted above the pubic bone. A manipulating instrument is then used to move the abdominal contents around for inspection. Photographs like the one below can be taken.
When necessary, additional trocars and instruments can be used to perform operative laparoscopy. Many operations can be performed laparoscopically which minimizes the patient’s recovery time. Cystectomies, myomectomies, and lysis of adhesions are but a few examples of the many procedures possible.
Recovery is often very rapid. Patients will have 2-4 incisions each less than 1/2 inch in length that usually heal without difficulty. Most patients are able to resume full activities within 2-3 days after laparoscopy. Some of the things patients may notice are a sore throat, abdominal discomfort, and shoulder pain. The shoulder pain is a result of the gas in the abdomen and a referred sensation to the shoulder.
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This picture demonstrates a normal ovary and fallopian tube. The uterus is seen in the background.